E-2 Case Studies

Representative E-2 matters showing how investment size, business type and applicant background interact in practice.

Representative matters

The cases below are composites drawn from typical matters, with identifying details changed. They are included to show how the requirements apply to concrete situations, not as predictions of outcome — every case turns on its own facts.

Restaurant acquisition, $180,000

Taiwanese national, prior restaurant management experience

Acquired an established café with existing staff. The existing payroll addressed marginality immediately, and the seller's financial records supplied the revenue history an adjudicator wants. Prior sector experience made the "develop and direct" element straightforward.

Franchise services business, $120,000

UK national, corporate management background rather than sector experience

Franchise structure supplied the operational plan and training that offset the absence of direct sector experience. Franchise fees and fit-out formed most of the qualifying investment, and hiring commitments in the first year addressed marginality.

Software consultancy, $95,000

Grenadian national by investment, originally from a non-treaty country

A lower-capital case that succeeded on proportionality: the business genuinely did not cost more to establish. The harder element was marginality, addressed through contracted client work and a hiring plan starting in year one.

Manufacturing expansion, $600,000

German national, existing business expanding to the U.S.

Corporate E-2 case with the parent company as investor. More than 50% German ownership was traced through to ultimate beneficial owners, and the U.S. subsidiary hired eight staff in the first eighteen months.

What the successful cases have in common

  • The investment was proportionate to the real cost of that specific business
  • Capital was committed before filing, not held pending approval
  • Source of funds was documented as a traceable chain, not a closing balance
  • Hiring commitments were near-term and proportionate to the investment
  • The applicant could explain the business without referring to notes

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